NEUROSURGERY AND NEUROIMMUNOLOGY
Neurosurgery was regarded as a specialization around the turn of the 20th century. Using neurological testing and clinical history, the clinical neurologist would form conclusions about lesions in the brain. It made it possible to diagnose brain tumors, spinal conditions, and vascular lesions. Vascular diseases and brain malignancies might be detected indirectly throughout the second and third decades of the 20th century using procedures like angiography, ventriculography, and pneumoencephalography. Yet, there were high rates of morbidity and mortality from neurological diseases due to the poor operating methods and widespread shortage of qualified experts.